MS: Mitral Valve Area (Hakki)

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The Hakki formula (with subsequent correction by Angel) is a simplified formula for estimating the MVA using the average of instantaneous early, middle, and late diastolic peak-to-peak gradients across the valve.

References

Robert O Bonow, Blase A Carabello et al.

ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons.

Circulation 2006 August 1, 114 (5): e84-231

Oh J, Seward JB, Tajik AJ.

The Echo Manual 3rd edition. Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins. 2007

Kern MJ.

The Cardiac Catheterization Handbook 4th Edition. Mosby 2003

Hakki AH, Iskandrian AS, Bemis CE, Kimbiris D, Mintz GS, Segal BL, Brice C.

A simplified valve formula for the calculation of stenotic cardiac valve areas.

Circulation 1981, 63 (5): 1050-5

Angel J, Soler-Soler J, Anivarro I, Domingo E.

Hemodynamic evaluation of stenotic cardiac valves: II. Modification of the simplified valve formula for mitral and aortic valve area calculation.

Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 1985, 11 (2): 127-38

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