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COVID-19 Vaccination
COVID-19 Vaccination
• ELHT Library Bulletin for COVID-19 and Vaccination
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emmanuel B Walter, Kawsar R Talaat, Charu Sabharwal, Alejandra Gurtman, Stephen Lockhart, Grant C Paulsen, Elizabeth D Barnett, Flor M Muñoz, Yvonne Maldonado, Barbara A Pahud, Joseph B Domachowske, Eric A F Simões, Uzma N Sarwar, Nicholas Kitchin, Luke Cunliffe, Pablo Rojo, Ernest Kuchar, Mika Rämet, Iona Munjal, John L Perez, Robert W Frenck, Eleni Lagkadinou, Kena A Swanson, Hua Ma, Xia Xu, Kenneth Koury, Susan Mather, Todd J Belanger, David Cooper, Özlem Türeci, Philip R Dormitzer, Uğur Şahin, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber
BACKGROUND: Safe, effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed in children younger than 12 years of age. METHODS: A phase 1, dose-finding study and an ongoing phase 2-3 randomized trial are being conducted to investigate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine administered 21 days apart in children 6 months to 11 years of age. We present results for 5-to-11-year-old children. In the phase 2-3 trial, participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive two doses of either the BNT162b2 vaccine at the dose level identified during the open-label phase 1 study or placebo...
January 6, 2022: New England Journal of Medicine
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronen Arbel, Ariel Hammerman, Ruslan Sergienko, Michael Friger, Alon Peretz, Doron Netzer, Shlomit Yaron
BACKGROUND: The emergence of the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the reduced effectiveness over time of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) led to a resurgence of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cases in populations that had been vaccinated early. On July 30, 2021, the Israeli Ministry of Health approved the use of a third dose of BNT162b2 (booster) to cope with this resurgence. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of the booster in lowering mortality due to Covid-19 is still needed...
December 23, 2021: New England Journal of Medicine
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David W Eyre, Donald Taylor, Mark Purver, David Chapman, Tom Fowler, Koen B Pouwels, A Sarah Walker, Tim E A Peto
BACKGROUND: Before the emergence of the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from vaccinated persons who became infected, potentially by reducing viral loads. Although vaccination still lowers the risk of infection, similar viral loads in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons who are infected with the delta variant call into question the degree to which vaccination prevents transmission...
February 24, 2022: New England Journal of Medicine
#4
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Seth Toback, Eva Galiza, Catherine Cosgrove, James Galloway, Anna L Goodman, Pauline A Swift, Sankarasubramanian Rajaram, Alison Graves-Jones, Jonathan Edelman, Fiona Burns, Angela M Minassian, Iksung Cho, Lakshmi Kumar, Joyce S Plested, E Joy Rivers, Andreana Robertson, Filip Dubovsky, Greg Glenn, Paul T Heath
BACKGROUND: The safety and immunogenicity profile of COVID-19 vaccines when administered concomitantly with seasonal influenza vaccines have not yet been reported. We therefore aimed to report the results of a substudy within a phase 3 UK trial, by evaluating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 when co-administered with licensed seasonal influenza vaccines. METHODS: We did a planned exploratory substudy as part of the randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) by co-administrating the influenza vaccine at four study hospitals in the UK...
February 2022: Lancet Respiratory Medicine
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anika Singanayagam, Seran Hakki, Jake Dunning, Kieran J Madon, Michael A Crone, Aleksandra Koycheva, Nieves Derqui-Fernandez, Jack L Barnett, Michael G Whitfield, Robert Varro, Andre Charlett, Rhia Kundu, Joe Fenn, Jessica Cutajar, Valerie Quinn, Emily Conibear, Wendy Barclay, Paul S Freemont, Graham P Taylor, Shazaad Ahmad, Maria Zambon, Neil M Ferguson, Ajit Lalvani
BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant is highly transmissible and spreading globally, including in populations with high vaccination rates. We aimed to investigate transmission and viral load kinetics in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with mild delta variant infection in the community. METHODS: Between Sept 13, 2020, and Sept 15, 2021, 602 community contacts (identified via the UK contract-tracing system) of 471 UK COVID-19 index cases were recruited to the Assessment of Transmission and Contagiousness of COVID-19 in Contacts cohort study and contributed 8145 upper respiratory tract samples from daily sampling for up to 20 days...
February 2022: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#6
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Gang Zeng, Qianhui Wu, Hongxing Pan, Minjie Li, Juan Yang, Lin Wang, Zhiwei Wu, Deyu Jiang, Xiaowei Deng, Kai Chu, Wen Zheng, Lei Wang, Wanying Lu, Bihua Han, Yuliang Zhao, Fengcai Zhu, Hongjie Yu, Weidong Yin
BACKGROUND: Large-scale vaccination against COVID-19 is being implemented in many countries with CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine. We aimed to assess the immune persistence of a two-dose schedule of CoronaVac, and the immunogenicity and safety of a third dose of CoronaVac, in healthy adults aged 18 years and older. METHODS: In the first of two single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trials, adults aged 18-59 years in Jiangsu, China, were initially allocated (1:1) into two vaccination schedule cohorts: a day 0 and day 14 vaccination cohort (cohort 1) and a day 0 and day 28 vaccination cohort (cohort 2); each cohort was randomly assigned (2:2:1) to either a 3 μg dose or 6 μg dose of CoronaVac or a placebo group...
April 2022: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noam Barda, Noa Dagan, Cyrille Cohen, Miguel A Hernán, Marc Lipsitch, Isaac S Kohane, Ben Y Reis, Ran D Balicer
BACKGROUND: Many countries are experiencing a resurgence of COVID-19, driven predominantly by the delta (B.1.617.2) variant of SARS-CoV-2. In response, these countries are considering the administration of a third dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine as a booster dose to address potential waning immunity over time and reduced effectiveness against the delta variant. We aimed to use the data repositories of Israel's largest health-care organisation to evaluate the effectiveness of a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes...
December 4, 2021: Lancet
#8
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Rajeka Lazarus, Sarah Baos, Heike Cappel-Porter, Andrew Carson-Stevens, Madeleine Clout, Lucy Culliford, Stevan R Emmett, Jonathan Garstang, Lukuman Gbadamoshi, Bassam Hallis, Rosie A Harris, David Hutton, Nick Jacobsen, Katherine Joyce, Rachel Kaminski, Vincenzo Libri, Alex Middleditch, Liz McCullagh, Ed Moran, Adrian Phillipson, Elizabeth Price, John Ryan, Russell Thirard, Rachel Todd, Matthew D Snape, David Tucker, Rachel Lauren Williams, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Adam Finn, Chris A Rogers
BACKGROUND: Concomitant administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines could reduce burden on health-care systems. We aimed to assess the safety of concomitant administration of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 plus an age-appropriate influenza vaccine. METHODS: In this multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial, adults in receipt of a single dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 were enrolled at 12 UK sites and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive concomitant administration of either an age-appropriate influenza vaccine or placebo alongside their second dose of COVID-19 vaccine...
December 18, 2021: Lancet
#9
REVIEW
Saad B Omer, Regina M Benjamin, Noel T Brewer, Alison M Buttenheim, Timothy Callaghan, Arthur Caplan, Richard M Carpiano, Chelsea Clinton, Renee DiResta, Jad A Elharake, Lisa C Flowers, Alison P Galvani, Rekha Lakshmanan, Yvonne A Maldonado, SarahAnn M McFadden, Michelle M Mello, Douglas J Opel, Dorit R Reiss, Daniel A Salmon, Jason L Schwartz, Joshua M Sharfstein, Peter J Hotez
Since the first case of COVID-19 was identified in the USA in January, 2020, over 46 million people in the country have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several COVID-19 vaccines have received emergency use authorisations from the US Food and Drug Administration, with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine receiving full approval on Aug 23, 2021. When paired with masking, physical distancing, and ventilation, COVID-19 vaccines are the best intervention to sustainably control the pandemic. However, surveys have consistently found that a sizeable minority of US residents do not plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine...
December 11, 2021: Lancet
#10
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Alasdair P S Munro, Leila Janani, Victoria Cornelius, Parvinder K Aley, Gavin Babbage, David Baxter, Marcin Bula, Katrina Cathie, Krishna Chatterjee, Kate Dodd, Yvanne Enever, Karishma Gokani, Anna L Goodman, Christopher A Green, Linda Harndahl, John Haughney, Alexander Hicks, Agatha A van der Klaauw, Jonathan Kwok, Teresa Lambe, Vincenzo Libri, Martin J Llewelyn, Alastair C McGregor, Angela M Minassian, Patrick Moore, Mehmood Mughal, Yama F Mujadidi, Jennifer Murira, Orod Osanlou, Rostam Osanlou, Daniel R Owens, Mihaela Pacurar, Adrian Palfreeman, Daniel Pan, Tommy Rampling, Karen Regan, Stephen Saich, Jo Salkeld, Dinesh Saralaya, Sunil Sharma, Ray Sheridan, Ann Sturdy, Emma C Thomson, Shirley Todd, Chris Twelves, Robert C Read, Sue Charlton, Bassam Hallis, Mary Ramsay, Nick Andrews, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Matthew D Snape, Xinxue Liu, Saul N Faust
BACKGROUND: Few data exist on the comparative safety and immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines given as a third (booster) dose. To generate data to optimise selection of booster vaccines, we investigated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of seven different COVID-19 vaccines as a third dose after two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; hereafter referred to as ChAd) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNtech, hearafter referred to as BNT). METHODS: COV-BOOST is a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial of third dose booster vaccination against COVID-19...
December 18, 2021: Lancet
#11
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Arabella S V Stuart, Robert H Shaw, Xinxue Liu, Melanie Greenland, Parvinder K Aley, Nick J Andrews, J C Cameron, Sue Charlton, Elizabeth A Clutterbuck, Andrea M Collins, Tom Darton, Tanya Dinesh, Christopher J A Duncan, Anna England, Saul N Faust, Daniela M Ferreira, Adam Finn, Anna L Goodman, Christopher A Green, Bassam Hallis, Paul T Heath, Helen Hill, Bryn M Horsington, Teresa Lambe, Rajeka Lazarus, Vincenzo Libri, Patrick J Lillie, Yama F Mujadidi, Ruth Payne, Emma L Plested, Samuel Provstgaard-Morys, Maheshi N Ramasamy, Mary Ramsay, Robert C Read, Hannah Robinson, Gavin R Screaton, Nisha Singh, David P J Turner, Paul J Turner, Iason Vichos, Rachel White, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Matthew D Snape
BACKGROUND: Given the importance of flexible use of different COVID-19 vaccines within the same schedule to facilitate rapid deployment, we studied mixed priming schedules incorporating an adenoviral-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [ChAd], AstraZeneca), two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [BNT], Pfizer-BioNTech, and mRNA-1273 [m1273], Moderna) and a nanoparticle vaccine containing SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant (NVX-CoV2373 [NVX], Novavax). METHODS: Com-COV2 is a single-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial in which adults aged 50 years and older, previously immunised with a single dose of ChAd or BNT in the community, were randomly assigned (in random blocks of three and six) within these cohorts in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive a second dose intramuscularly (8-12 weeks after the first dose) with the homologous vaccine, m1273, or NVX...
January 1, 2022: Lancet
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Eleftheria Vasileiou, Chris Robertson, Sarah Amele, Jiafeng Pan, Bob Taylor, Viviane Boaventura, Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Renzo Flores-Ortiz, Utkarsh Agrawal, Annemarie B Docherty, Colin McCowan, Jim McMenamin, Emily Moore, Lewis D Ritchie, Igor Rudan, Syed Ahmar Shah, Ting Shi, Colin R Simpson, Mauricio L Barreto, Vinicius de Araujo Oliveira, Manoel Barral-Netto, Aziz Sheikh
BACKGROUND: Reports suggest that COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is decreasing, but whether this reflects waning or new SARS-CoV-2 variants-especially delta (B.1.617.2)-is unclear. We investigated the association between time since two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland (where delta was dominant), with comparative analyses in Brazil (where delta was uncommon). METHODS: In this retrospective, population-based cohort study in Brazil and Scotland, we linked national databases from the EAVE II study in Scotland; and the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign, Acute Respiratory Infection Suspected Cases, and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection/Illness datasets in Brazil) for vaccination, laboratory testing, clinical, and mortality data...
December 20, 2021: Lancet
#13
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Scott A Halperin, Lingyun Ye, Donna MacKinnon-Cameron, Bruce Smith, Pedro E Cahn, Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios, Aamer Ikram, Fernando Lanas, M Lourdes Guerrero, Sergio Raúl Muñoz Navarro, Omar Sued, Dmitry A Lioznov, Vitalina Dzutseva, Ghazala Parveen, Fengcai Zhu, Laura Leppan, Joanne M Langley, Luis Barreto, Jinbo Gou, Tao Zhu
BACKGROUND: The Ad5-nCoV vaccine is a single-dose adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that was well-tolerated and immunogenic in phase 1 and 2 studies. In this study, we report results on the final efficacy and interim safety analyses of the phase 3 trial. METHODS: This double-blind, randomised, international, placebo-controlled, endpoint-case driven, phase 3, clinical trial enrolled adults aged 18 years older at study centres in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Pakistan, and Russia...
January 15, 2022: Lancet
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melike Y Çelik
INTRODUCTION: This study examined what affects parents' thoughts about vaccinating their children. We explored whether parents' attitudes towards the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and their perception of control of COVID-19 were related to their thoughts about vaccinating their children. METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of parents (n = 274) with children between the ages of 0-12. To collect data on parents' thoughts and opinions participants completed the Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccine Scale and the Perception of Control of COVID-19 Scale...
December 28, 2021: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine A Gilchrist, Carol Chelimo, Ryan Tatnell, Polly Atatoa Carr, Carlos A Camargo, Susan Morton, Cameron C Grant
The information fathers receive about infant vaccination may influence their decision to vaccinate. We describe fathers' sources of vaccination information and paternal determinants of timely infant vaccinations. Participants were from a child cohort study in New Zealand. The child cohort was established by enrolling pregnant women and their partners. During pregnancy, fathers (n = 4017) of the cohort children born 2009-2010 described information sources that encouraged or discouraged infant vaccination. The National Immunization Register provided infant vaccination data...
November 19, 2021: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akgün Yeşiltepe, Sinan Aslan, Semra Bulbuloglu
This study aims to investigate the perceived fear of COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy in nursing students. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study with the participation of 1167 nursing students. Personal Information Form, Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were used for data collection. The reasons for the vaccine hesitancy of the students were listed as follows: 57.6% of them stated that it had side effects, 17.7% stated there was no conclusive evidence that the vaccine was effective, and 12...
December 2, 2021: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pierre Verger, Patrick Peretti-Watel, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Alvaro Sanchez, Fatima Gauna, Lisa Fressard, Marion Bonneton, Odile Launay, Jeremy K Ward
The French health authorities extended vaccination against COVID-19 to adolescents in June 2021, during the epidemic resurgence linked to the delta variant and because of insufficient vaccination coverage to ensure collective protection. In May 2021, we conducted a national online cross-sectional survey of 2533 adults in France to study their attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and their acceptance of child/adolescent vaccination according to targeted age groups (<6 years; 6-11; 12-17) and its determinants...
December 14, 2021: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filiz Aslantekin-Özçoban, Mesude Uluşen, Hacer Yalnız-Dilcen, Elif Çilesiz
AIM: This study aims to determine the decision of midwifery students, who are the midwives of the future, on getting the COVID-19 vaccine and affecting factors. METHOD: The sample of this online cross-sectional study consisted of 1879 midwifery students in Turkey. The data collection tools of the study included a sociodemographic data form, the Health Literacy Index, Perception of Causes of COVID-19 and Attitudes Toward the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression analyses were used in the analysis of the data...
December 15, 2021: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Louis Goffe, Vivi Antonopoulou, Carly J Meyer, Fiona Graham, Mei Yee Tang, Jan Lecouturier, Aikaterini Grimani, Clare Bambra, Michael P Kelly, Falko F Sniehotta
Early studies showed that 28-36% of UK adults were unsure or unwilling to be vaccinated against COVID-19. We wanted to identify which socio-demographic, socio-economic, personal health and psychological factors were associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions (CVI) in adults living in England who did not want, yet to consider, or not sure whether to vaccinate. In October/November 2020, prior to vaccine availability, we surveyed adults stratified by gender, region, and deprivation, with additional purposive sampling of those aged 50 and over and those from an ethnic minority...
December 17, 2021: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amjad Alfaleh, Abdullah Alkattan, Nashwa Radwan, Nagla Mahmoud, Alaa Alageel, Wedad Alanezi, Khaled Alabdulkareem
A cross-section pilot study was done to determine the knowledge and belief toward new COVID-19 vaccines among a small sample size group of people. A new Vaccine Acceptability Questionnaire (VAQ) consists of 31 questions that were concerned about three elements: underlying factors, knowledge, and beliefs. The study included 96 people from the different regions of Saudi Arabia who had accepted to participate in this pilot study. Around 31% of the included people had low to very low acceptability toward COVID-19 vaccines; however, the other 69% had moderate to high acceptability...
December 17, 2021: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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