collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442248/guide-to-utilization-of-the-microbiology-laboratory-for-diagnosis-of-infectious-diseases-2024-update-by-the-infectious-diseases-society-of-america-idsa-and-the-american-society-for-microbiology-asm
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Michael Miller, Matthew J Binnicker, Sheldon Campbell, Karen C Carroll, Kimberle C Chapin, Mark D Gonzalez, Amanda Harrington, Robert C Jerris, Sue C Kehl, Sixto M Leal, Robin Patel, Bobbi S Pritt, Sandra S Richter, Barbara Robinson-Dunn, James W Snyder, Sam Telford, Elitza S Theel, Richard B Thomson, Melvin P Weinstein, Joseph D Yao
The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physician and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the health care team. This document, developed by experts in both adult and pediatric laboratory and clinical medicine, provides information on which tests are valuable and in which contexts, and on tests that add little or no value for diagnostic decisions. Sections are divided into anatomic systems, including Bloodstream Infections and Infections of the Cardiovascular System, Central Nervous System Infections, Ocular Infections, Soft Tissue Infections of the Head and Neck, Upper Respiratory Infections, Lower Respiratory Tract infections, Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Intraabdominal Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, Genital Infections, and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections; or into etiologic agent groups, including arboviral Infections, Viral Syndromes, and Blood and Tissue Parasite Infections...
March 5, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24944035/classical-renin-angiotensin-system-in-kidney-physiology
#2
REVIEW
Matthew A Sparks, Steven D Crowley, Susan B Gurley, Maria Mirotsou, Thomas M Coffman
The renin-angiotensin system has powerful effects in control of the blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. These actions are coordinated through integrated actions in the kidney, cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. Along with its impact on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system also influences a range of processes from inflammation and immune responses to longevity. Here, we review the actions of the "classical" renin-angiotensin system, whereby the substrate protein angiotensinogen is processed in a two-step reaction by renin and angiotensin converting enzyme, resulting in the sequential generation of angiotensin I and angiotensin II, the major biologically active renin-angiotensin system peptide, which exerts its actions via type 1 and type 2 angiotensin receptors...
July 2014: Comprehensive Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38104745/unveiling-drug-induced-nephrotoxicity-using-novel-biomarkers-and-cutting-edge-preventive-strategies
#3
REVIEW
Amina Džidić-Krivić, Emina K Sher, Jasna Kusturica, Esma K Farhat, Asma Nawaz, Farooq Sher
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is still a significant obstacle in pharmacotherapy of various diseases and it accounts for around 25 % of serious side-effects reported after drug administration. Furthermore, some groups of drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungal drugs, immunosuppressants, and chemotherapeutic drugs have the "preference" for damaging the kidney and are often referred to as the kidney's "silent killer". Clinically, the onset of acute kidney injury associated with drug administration is registered in approximately 20 % of patients and many of them develop chronic kidney disease vulnerability...
January 25, 2024: Chemico-biological Interactions
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38439165/epidemiology-and-risk-factors-for-hyperkalaemia-in-heart-failure
#4
REVIEW
Diederick E Grobbee, Gerasimos Filippatos, Nihar R Desai, Andrew J S Coats, Fausto Pinto, Giuseppe M C Rosano, John G F Cleland, Jennifer Kammerer, Antonio Ramirez de Arellano
Patients with heart failure (HF), particularly those with impaired renal function receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis), are at risk of hyperkalaemia; when hyperkalaemia is severe, this can have serious clinical consequences. The incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for hyperkalaemia reported in randomized trials of RAASis may not reflect clinical practice due to exclusion of patients with elevated serum potassium (sK+ ) or severe renal impairment: information on patients managed in routine clinical care is important to understanding the actual burden of hyperkalaemia...
March 4, 2024: ESC Heart Failure
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27493136/initial-combination-of-empagliflozin-and-metformin-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes
#5
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Samy Hadjadj, Julio Rosenstock, Thomas Meinicke, Hans J Woerle, Uli C Broedl
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and safety of initial combinations of empagliflozin + metformin with empagliflozin and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study randomized 1,364 drug-naïve patients (HbA1c >7.5 to ≤12% [>58 to ≤108 mmol/mol]) for 24 weeks to empagliflozin 12.5 mg b.i.d. + metformin 1,000 mg b.i.d., empagliflozin 12.5 mg b.i.d. + metformin 500 mg b.i.d., empagliflozin 5 mg b...
October 2016: Diabetes Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38281952/acute-cholecystitis-how-to-avoid-subtotal-cholecystectomy-preliminary-results
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adriana Toro, Martina Rapisarda, Davide Maugeri, Alessandro Terrasi, Luisa Gallo, Luca Ansaloni, Fausto Catena, Isidoro Di Carlo
BACKGROUND: The aim of this manuscript is to illustrate a new method permitting safe cholecystectomy in terms of complications with respect to the common bile duct (CBD). METHODS: The core of this new technique is identification of the continuity of the cystic duct with the infundibulum. The cystic duct can be identified between the inner gallbladder wall and inflamed outer wall. RESULTS: In the last 2 years, from January 2019 until December 2021, 3 patients have been treated with the reported technique without complications...
January 28, 2024: World Journal of Emergency Surgery: WJES
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350768/covid-19-vaccines-and-adverse-events-of-special-interest-a-multinational-global-vaccine-data-network-gvdn-cohort-study-of-99-million-vaccinated-individuals
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K Faksova, D Walsh, Y Jiang, J Griffin, A Phillips, A Gentile, J C Kwong, K Macartney, M Naus, Z Grange, S Escolano, G Sepulveda, A Shetty, A Pillsbury, C Sullivan, Z Naveed, N Z Janjua, N Giglio, J Perälä, S Nasreen, H Gidding, P Hovi, T Vo, F Cui, L Deng, L Cullen, M Artama, E Weintraub, H Lu, H J Clothier, K Batty, J Paynter, H Petousis-Harris, J Buttery, S Black, A Hviid
BACKGROUND: The Global COVID Vaccine Safety (GCoVS) Project, established in 2021 under the multinational Global Vaccine Data Network™ (GVDN®), facilitates comprehensive assessment of vaccine safety. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of adverse events of special interest (AESI) following COVID-19 vaccination from 10 sites across eight countries. METHODS: Using a common protocol, this observational cohort study compared observed with expected rates of 13 selected AESI across neurological, haematological, and cardiac outcomes...
February 12, 2024: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33450302/post-acute-covid-19-syndrome-incidence-and-risk-factors-a-mediterranean-cohort-study
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oscar Moreno-Pérez, Esperanza Merino, Jose-Manuel Leon-Ramirez, Mariano Andres, Jose Manuel Ramos, Juan Arenas-Jiménez, Santos Asensio, Rosa Sanchez, Paloma Ruiz-Torregrosa, Irene Galan, Alexander Scholz, Antonio Amo, Pilar González-delaAleja, Vicente Boix, Joan Gil
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the incidence of Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and its components, and to evaluate the acute infection phase associated risk factors. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of adult patients who had recovered from COVID-19 (27th February to 29th April 2020) confirmed by PCR or subsequent seroconversion, with a systematic assessment 10-14 weeks after disease onset. PCS was defined as the persistence of at least one clinically relevant symptom, or abnormalities in spirometry or chest radiology...
March 2021: Journal of Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320590/update-on-antiphospholipid-syndrome
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria G Tektonidou
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 6, 2024: Rheumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389608/long-term-use-of-proton-pump-inhibitors-unravelling-the-safety-puzzle
#10
REVIEW
Manish S Bhatnagar, Sachin Choudhari, Dattatray Pawar, Akhilesh Sharma
Globally, over 25% of the population suffers from acid-related disorders such as dyspepsia or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and around 7.6% of Indians report having GERD symptoms on a frequent enough basis to warrant a diagnosis. Over the past three decades, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been the mainstay of medical therapy for acid-peptic diseases like GERD, etc. Additionally, they are frequently prescribed for prophylactic purposes and in conjunction with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38282557/expert-consensus-guidelines-intravenous-iron-uses-formulations-administration-and-management-of-reactions
#11
REVIEW
Layla Van Doren, Marlene Steinheiser, Kristen Boykin, Kristine J Taylor, Monica Menendez, Michael Auerbach
Intravenous iron has become an essential component for the treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Individuals administering Intravenous iron should have knowledge in intravenous iron administration, including a pre-infusion assessment to evaluate infusion reaction risks, pre- and post-infusion monitoring, identification of and management of infusion reactions, accurate documentation of these reactions, laboratory monitoring and recognition and management of treatment-emergent hypophosphatemia...
January 29, 2024: American Journal of Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38439990/experiment-data-human-in-the-loop-decision-support-in-process-control-rooms
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chidera Winifred Amazu, Joseph Mietkiewicz, Ammar N Abbas, Houda Briwa, Andres Alonso Perez, Gabriele Baldissone, Micaela Demichela, Davide Fissore, Anders L Madsen, Maria Chiara Leva
These datasets contain measures from multi-modal data sources. They include objective and subjective measures commonly used to determine cognitive states of workload, situational awareness, stress, and fatigue using data collection tools such as NASA-TLX, SART, eye tracking, EEG, Health Monitoring Watch, a survey to assess training, and a think-aloud situational awareness assessment following the SPAM methodology. Also, data from a simulation formaldehyde production plant based on the interaction of the participants in a controlled control room experimental setting is included...
April 2024: Data in Brief
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38372687/magnesium-disorders-core-curriculum-2024
#13
REVIEW
Emmanuel A Adomako, Alan S L Yu
Magnesium is ubiquitous in nature. It sits at the origin of the food chain, occupying the center of chlorophyl in plants. In humans, magnesium is critical to diverse molecular and catalytic processes, including energy transfer and maintenance of the genome. Despite its abundance, hypomagnesemia is common and often goes undiagnosed. This is in spite of epidemiologic data linking low magnesium with chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus. Clinically significant hypermagnesemia is encountered less frequently, but the presentation may be dramatic...
February 16, 2024: American Journal of Kidney Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28241848/yellow-nail-syndrome-a-review
#14
REVIEW
Stéphane Vignes, Robert Baran
Yellow nail syndrome (YNS; OMIM 153300, ORPHA662) is a very rare disorder that almost always occurs after 50 years of age but a juvenile or familial form has also been observed. YNS is diagnosed based on a triad associating yellow nail discoloration, pulmonary manifestations (chronic cough, bronchiectasia, pleural effusion) and lower limb lymphedema. Chronic sinusitis is frequently associated with the triad. YNS etiology remains unknown but a role of lymphatic impairment is usually evoked. YNS is more frequently isolated but may be associated in rare cases with autoimmune diseases, other clinical manifestations implicating lymphatic functions or cancer and, hence, is also considered a paraneoplastic syndrome...
February 27, 2017: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38348231/treatment-and-management-of-acinetobacter-pneumonia-lessons-learned-from-recent-world-event
#15
REVIEW
Karyne Rangel, Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
Acinetobacter pneumonia is a significant healthcare-associated infection that poses a considerable challenge to clinicians due to its multidrug-resistant nature. Recent world events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the need for effective treatment and management strategies for Acinetobacter pneumonia. In this review, we discuss lessons learned from recent world events, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of the treatment and management of Acinetobacter pneumonia. We performed an extensive literature review to uncover studies and information pertinent to the topic...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378673/update-on-the-management-of-relapsed-refractory-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia
#16
REVIEW
Rory Bennett, John F Seymour
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) predominantly affects older adults, characterized by a relapsing and remitting pattern with sequential treatments available for many patients. Identification of progressive/relapsed CLL should prompt close monitoring and early discussion about the next therapies when treatment indications are present. The intervening period represents an opportunity to optimize patient health, including establishing adequate vaccination and surveillance for second primary malignancies, and treating non-CLL-related comorbidities which may impact well-being and CLL therapy...
February 21, 2024: Blood Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38365828/administration-of-methylene-blue-in-septic-shock-pros-and-cons
#17
REVIEW
Julian Arias-Ortiz, Jean-Louis Vincent
Septic shock typically requires the administration of vasopressors. Adrenergic agents remain the first choice, namely norepinephrine. However, their use to counteract life-threatening hypotension comes with potential adverse effects, so that non-adrenergic vasopressors may also be considered. The use of agents that act through different mechanisms may also provide an advantage. Nitric oxide (NO) is the main driver of the vasodilation that leads to hypotension in septic shock, so several agents have been tested to counteract its effects...
February 16, 2024: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38287703/sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-sglt2-in-frail-or-older-people-with-type-2-diabetes-and-heart-failure-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rami Aldafas, Tomas Crabtree, Mohammed Alkharaiji, Yana Vinogradova, Iskandar Idris
OBJECTIVE: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) reduce cardio-metabolic and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but their efficacy and safety in older or frail individuals remains unclear. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRA and Google Scholar and selected randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing SGLT2Is versus placebo/other glucose-lowering agent for people with frailty or older individuals (>65 years) with T2D and heart failure (HF)...
January 2, 2024: Age and Ageing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38368016/diagnosis-and-management-of-anca-associated-vasculitis
#19
REVIEW
Andreas Kronbichler, Ingeborg M Bajema, Annette Bruchfeld, Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn, John H Stone
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis consists of two main diseases, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis, and remains among the most devastating and potentially lethal forms of autoimmune inflammatory disease. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis are characterised by a necrotising vasculitis that can involve almost any organ, and have generally been studied together. The diseases commonly affect the kidneys, lungs, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes, and peripheral nerves...
February 17, 2024: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38371390/the-effect-of-tirzepatide-on-weight-lipid-metabolism-and-blood-pressure-in-overweight-obese-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#20
REVIEW
Xiaoyu Lv, Hui Wang, Chongyang Chen, Yangting Zhao, Kai Li, Yawen Wang, Liting Wang, Songbo Fu, Jingfang Liu
AIM: To explore the effects of Tirzepatide (TZP), a new hypoglycemic drug, on weight, blood lipids and blood pressure in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Relevant studies investigating the influence of TZP therapy on weight, lipid profiles and blood pressure in overweight/obese T2DM patients were selected from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases from establishment until November 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of TZP on weight, blood lipids and blood pressure in overweight/obese patients with T2DM...
2024: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
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