collection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37816527/clinical-practice-guideline-for-management-of-osteoporosis-and-fracture-prevention-in-canada-2023-update
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suzanne N Morin, Sidney Feldman, Larry Funnell, Lora Giangregorio, Sandra Kim, Heather McDonald-Blumer, Nancy Santesso, Rowena Ridout, Wendy Ward, Maureen C Ashe, Zahra Bardai, Joan Bartley, Neil Binkley, Steven Burrell, Debra Butt, Suzanne M Cadarette, Angela M Cheung, Phil Chilibeck, Sheila Dunn, Jamie Falk, Heather Frame, William Gittings, Kaleen Hayes, Carol Holmes, George Ioannidis, Susan B Jaglal, Robert Josse, Aliya A Khan, Virginia McIntyre, Lynn Nash, Ahmed Negm, Alexandra Papaioannou, Matteo Ponzano, Isabel B Rodrigues, Lehana Thabane, Christine A Thomas, Lianne Tile, John D Wark
BACKGROUND: In Canada, more than 2 million people live with osteoporosis, a disease that increases the risk for fractures, which result in excess mortality and morbidity, decreased quality of life and loss of autonomy. This guideline update is intended to assist Canadian health care professionals in the delivery of care to optimize skeletal health and prevent fractures in postmenopausal females and in males aged 50 years and older. METHODS: This guideline is an update of the 2010 Osteoporosis Canada clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada...
October 10, 2023: Canadian Medical Association Journal: CMAJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491741/obesity-the-perfect-storm-for-heart-failure
#2
REVIEW
Maria Lembo, Teresa Strisciuglio, Celeste Fonderico, Costantino Mancusi, Raffaele Izzo, Valentina Trimarco, Alessandro Bellis, Emanuele Barbato, Giovanni Esposito, Carmine Morisco, Speranza Rubattu
Obesity condition causes morphological and functional alterations involving the cardiovascular system. These can represent the substrates for different cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure (HF) with both preserved ejection fraction (EF) and reduced EF. Different pathogenetic mechanisms may help to explain the association between obesity and HF including left ventricular remodelling and epicardial fat accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, and coronary microvascular dysfunction...
March 15, 2024: ESC Heart Failure
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473732/potential-mechanisms-of-the-protective-effects-of-the-cardiometabolic-drugs-type-2-sodium-glucose-transporter-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-in-heart-failure
#3
REVIEW
Giovanna Gallo, Massimo Volpe
Different multifactorial pathophysiological processes are involved in the development of heart failure (HF), including neurohormonal dysfunction, the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, interstitial fibrosis, microvascular endothelial inflammation, pro-thrombotic states, oxidative stress, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, energetic dysfunction, epicardial coronary artery lesions, coronary microvascular rarefaction and, finally, cardiac remodeling. While different pharmacological strategies have shown significant cardiovascular benefits in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), there is a residual unmet need to fill the gap in terms of knowledge of mechanisms and efficacy in the outcomes of neurohormonal agents in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)...
February 20, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426268/acute-and-non-acute-decompensation-of-liver-cirrhosis-47-130
#4
REVIEW
Martin S Schulz, Paolo Angeli, Jonel Trebicka
In the traditional view, the occurrence of cirrhosis-related complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy, formation of ascites or variceal haemorrhage, marks the transition to the decompensated stage of cirrhosis. Although the dichotomous stratification into a compensated and decompensated state reflects a prognostic water-shed moment and remains to hold its prognostic validity, it represents an oversimplification of clinical realities. A broadening understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning decompensation have led to the identification of distinct prognostic subgroups, associated with different clinical courses following decompensation...
March 1, 2024: Liver International: Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350768/covid-19-vaccines-and-adverse-events-of-special-interest-a-multinational-global-vaccine-data-network-gvdn-cohort-study-of-99-million-vaccinated-individuals
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K Faksova, D Walsh, Y Jiang, J Griffin, A Phillips, A Gentile, J C Kwong, K Macartney, M Naus, Z Grange, S Escolano, G Sepulveda, A Shetty, A Pillsbury, C Sullivan, Z Naveed, N Z Janjua, N Giglio, J Perälä, S Nasreen, H Gidding, P Hovi, T Vo, F Cui, L Deng, L Cullen, M Artama, E Weintraub, H Lu, H J Clothier, K Batty, J Paynter, H Petousis-Harris, J Buttery, S Black, A Hviid
BACKGROUND: The Global COVID Vaccine Safety (GCoVS) Project, established in 2021 under the multinational Global Vaccine Data Network™ (GVDN®), facilitates comprehensive assessment of vaccine safety. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of adverse events of special interest (AESI) following COVID-19 vaccination from 10 sites across eight countries. METHODS: Using a common protocol, this observational cohort study compared observed with expected rates of 13 selected AESI across neurological, haematological, and cardiac outcomes...
February 12, 2024: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389608/long-term-use-of-proton-pump-inhibitors-unravelling-the-safety-puzzle
#6
REVIEW
Manish S Bhatnagar, Sachin Choudhari, Dattatray Pawar, Akhilesh Sharma
Globally, over 25% of the population suffers from acid-related disorders such as dyspepsia or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and around 7.6% of Indians report having GERD symptoms on a frequent enough basis to warrant a diagnosis. Over the past three decades, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been the mainstay of medical therapy for acid-peptic diseases like GERD, etc. Additionally, they are frequently prescribed for prophylactic purposes and in conjunction with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438253/is-prediabetes-overdiagnosed-yes-a-patient-epidemiologist-s-experience
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rani Marx
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 4, 2024: Annals of Family Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38437854/crohn-s-disease
#8
REVIEW
Michael Dolinger, Joana Torres, Severine Vermeire
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that might lead to progressive bowel damage and disability. The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but evidence points towards multifactorial events causing dysregulation of the innate immune system in genetically susceptible people. Commonly affecting the terminal ileum and proximal colon, Crohn's disease inflammation is often discontinuous and patchy, segmental, and transmural. Identification of characteristic findings on ileocolonoscopy and histology remains the diagnostic gold standard, but complete assessment involves laboratory abnormalities, including micronutrient deficiencies, cross-sectional imaging to identify transmural disease extent, severity and complications, and a psychosocial assessment...
March 1, 2024: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38348231/treatment-and-management-of-acinetobacter-pneumonia-lessons-learned-from-recent-world-event
#9
REVIEW
Karyne Rangel, Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
Acinetobacter pneumonia is a significant healthcare-associated infection that poses a considerable challenge to clinicians due to its multidrug-resistant nature. Recent world events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the need for effective treatment and management strategies for Acinetobacter pneumonia. In this review, we discuss lessons learned from recent world events, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of the treatment and management of Acinetobacter pneumonia. We performed an extensive literature review to uncover studies and information pertinent to the topic...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425037/hyperkalemia-treatment-standard
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Biff F Palmer, Deborah J Clegg
Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance in both inpatient and outpatient clinical practice. The severity and associated risk depends on the underlying cause and rate of K+ increase. Acute hyperkalemia requires immediate attention due to potentially life-threatening manifestations resulting from the rapid rise in plasma K+ concentration. Treatment is initially focused on stabilizing the cardiac membrane, followed by maneuvers to shift K+ into the cell, and ultimately initiating strategies to decrease total body K+ content...
February 29, 2024: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38372687/magnesium-disorders-core-curriculum-2024
#11
REVIEW
Emmanuel A Adomako, Alan S L Yu
Magnesium is ubiquitous in nature. It sits at the origin of the food chain, occupying the center of chlorophyl in plants. In humans, magnesium is critical to diverse molecular and catalytic processes, including energy transfer and maintenance of the genome. Despite its abundance, hypomagnesemia is common and often goes undiagnosed. This is in spite of epidemiologic data linking low magnesium with chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus. Clinically significant hypermagnesemia is encountered less frequently, but the presentation may be dramatic...
February 16, 2024: American Journal of Kidney Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403867/consensus-statement-on-the-management-of-hyperkalaemia-an-asia-pacific-perspective
#12
REVIEW
Desmond Y H Yap, Ronald C W Ma, Emmanuel C K Wong, Matthew S H Tsui, Esther Y T Yu, Vivien Yu, Cheuk Chun Szeto, Wing Fai Pang, Hung Fat Tse, David C W Siu, Kathryn C B Tan, Walter W C Chen, Chiu Leong Li, Wei Chen, Tak Mao Chan
Hyperkalaemia is an electrolyte imbalance that impairs muscle function and myocardial excitability, and can potentially lead to fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The prevalence of hyperkalaemia is estimated to be 6%-7% worldwide and 7%-10% in Asia. Hyperkalaemia frequently affects patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus, particularly those receiving treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. Both hyperkalaemia and interruption of RAAS inhibitor therapy are associated with increased risks for cardiovascular events, hospitalisations, and death, highlighting a clinical dilemma in high-risk patients...
February 25, 2024: Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38365828/administration-of-methylene-blue-in-septic-shock-pros-and-cons
#13
REVIEW
Julian Arias-Ortiz, Jean-Louis Vincent
Septic shock typically requires the administration of vasopressors. Adrenergic agents remain the first choice, namely norepinephrine. However, their use to counteract life-threatening hypotension comes with potential adverse effects, so that non-adrenergic vasopressors may also be considered. The use of agents that act through different mechanisms may also provide an advantage. Nitric oxide (NO) is the main driver of the vasodilation that leads to hypotension in septic shock, so several agents have been tested to counteract its effects...
February 16, 2024: Critical Care: the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37195076/american-society-of-hematology-2023-guidelines-for-management-of-venous-thromboembolism-thrombophilia-testing
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saskia Middeldorp, Robby Nieuwlaat, Lisa Baumann Kreuziger, Michiel Coppens, Damon Houghton, Andra H James, Eddy Lang, Stephan Moll, Tarra Myers, Meha Bhatt, Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha, Luis E Colunga-Lozano, Samer G Karam, Yuan Zhang, Wojtek Wiercioch, Holger J Schünemann, Alfonso Iorio
Hereditary and acquired thrombophilia are risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whether testing helps guide management decisions is controversial. These evidence-based guidelines from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) intend to support decision making about thrombophilia testing. ASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel covering clinical and methodological expertise and minimizing bias from conflicts of interest. The McMaster University GRADE Centre provided logistical support, performed systematic reviews, and created evidence profiles and evidence-to-decision tables...
November 28, 2023: Blood Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38396839/current-understanding-of-immune-thrombocytopenia-a-review-of-pathogenesis-and-treatment-options
#15
REVIEW
Alina Mititelu, Minodora-Cezarina Onisâi, Adrian Roșca, Ana Maria Vlădăreanu
The management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the prediction of patient response to therapy still represent a significant and constant challenge in hematology. ITP is a heterogeneous disease with an unpredictable evolution. Although the pathogenesis of ITP is currently better known and its etiology has been extensively studied, up to 75% of adult patients with ITP may develop chronicity, which represents a significant burden on patients' quality of life. A major risk of ITP is bleeding, but knowledge on the exact relationship between the degree of thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms, especially at a lower platelet count, is lacking...
February 10, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38289320/the-2023-esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-cardiomyopathies-the-10-commandments
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Pablo Kaski, Elena Arbelo
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 30, 2024: European Heart Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38367642/heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction-everything-the-clinician-needs-to-know
#17
REVIEW
Patricia Campbell, Frans H Rutten, Matthew My Lee, Nathaniel M Hawkins, Mark C Petrie
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly recognised and diagnosed in clinical practice, a trend driven by an ageing population and a rise in contributing comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes. Representing at least half of all heart failure cases, HFpEF is recognised as a complex clinical syndrome. Its diagnosis and management are challenging due to its diverse pathophysiology, varied epidemiological patterns, and evolving diagnostic and treatment approaches. This Seminar synthesises the latest insights on HFpEF, integrating findings from recent clinical trials, epidemiological research, and the latest guideline recommendations...
February 14, 2024: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38368016/diagnosis-and-management-of-anca-associated-vasculitis
#18
REVIEW
Andreas Kronbichler, Ingeborg M Bajema, Annette Bruchfeld, Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn, John H Stone
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis consists of two main diseases, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis, and remains among the most devastating and potentially lethal forms of autoimmune inflammatory disease. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis are characterised by a necrotising vasculitis that can involve almost any organ, and have generally been studied together. The diseases commonly affect the kidneys, lungs, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes, and peripheral nerves...
February 17, 2024: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38348420/first-line-treatment-with-sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-in-type-2-diabetic-population-at-low-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease-a-meta-analysis
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Deng, Kaibo Mei, Tiangang Song, Jinyi Huang, Yifan Wu, Peng Yu, Zhiwei Yan, Xiao Liu
BACKGROUND: The benefit of first-line use of sodium-dependent glucose transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with low risk of cardiovascular diseases are not clear. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. We used the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the dichotomous and continuous variable, respectively...
2024: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38343728/chest-pain-risk-stratification-in-the-emergency-department-current-perspectives
#20
REVIEW
Zeynep Yukselen, Vidit Majmundar, Mahati Dasari, Pramukh Arun Kumar, Yuvaraj Singh
Chest pain is the second leading cause of all emergency department (ED) visits in adults in the United States, with nearly 11 million encounters yearly. While identifying low-risk patients is crucial for early discharge, identifying high-risk patients in ED is vital in timely and appropriate acute coronary syndrome (ACS) management. Traditional methods such as physical examination, cardiac markers, or imaging tests cannot reliably confirm or rule out ACS; they cannot be singularly incorporated to risk stratify patients...
2024: Open Access Emergency Medicine: OAEM
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