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There have been a large number of strategies/agents evaluated to prevent CI-AKI. Sterling et al.431 have recently summarized most of these strategies and classified them as having either definitive, possible, or doubtful value. From the many strategies, these authors only retain parenteral volume expansion, minimizing contrast-media volume, use of lowosmolar and iso-osmolar contrast media, and administration of non-iodinated contrast media as strategies with definitive value. A recent comprehensive meta-analysis by Kelly et al.432—including RCTs that administered NAC, theophylline, fenoldopam, dopamine, iloprost, statins, furosemide, or mannitol, and covering studies up to November 2006—provides an excellent overview.
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