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Most risk factors for CI-AKI can be detected by history-taking and physical examination, and the risk rises exponentially with the number of risk factors present.416 Validated risk-prediction models using patient and procedural risk factors to assess for CI-AKI have been developed for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.417,418 For example, the Mehran risk model418 is given in Table 15. The overall occurrence of CI-AKI in the development set of the score was 13.1% (range 7.5% to 57.3% for a low [ ≤ 5] and high [ ≥ 16] risk score, respectively); the rate of CI-AKI increased exponentially with increasing risk score. In the validation dataset, the increasing risk score was again strongly associated with CI-AKI (range 8.4% to 55.9% for the low and high risk score, respectively). These models can help in counseling about the risks of the procedure, selecting prophylactic interventions, and can also be used to characterize patients in studies of CI-AKI.
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