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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is classically described as noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, thought to be secondary to increased pulmonary capillary permeability. This process may occur for a number of reasons, both pulmonary and systemic in origin. Common causes of ARDS include pulmonary or systemic infection, trauma, burns, pancreatitis, near-drowning, transfusion, medication overdose, and toxic inhalations.
Treatment of ARDS is evolving, with several recent large-scale studies that have altered standard practice:
References
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000 May 4;342(18):1301.
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The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Comparison of Two Fluid-Management Strategies in Acute Lung Injury. N Engl J Med 2006 Jun 15;354(24):2564.
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Brower RG, et al. Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(4):327.
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The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2213.
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Steinberg KP et al, Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2006 Apr 20;354(16):1671-84.
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