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The serum to ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) can be used to help determine the etiology of ascites by identifying the presence of portal hypertension.
Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) = Albserum - Albascites
The presence of a gradient ≥1.1 g/dL or ≥11 g/L indicates that the patient has portal hypertension with 97 percent accuracy. A gradient <1.1 g/dL or <11 g/L indicates that the patient does not have portal hypertension.
References
Runyon BA et al. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117(3): 215-20.
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